The God Culture Philippines Biblical History Library

🗺️ 2. Key Map Evidence: OFFICIAL SPANISH GOVERNMENT MAP: 1529 Carta Universal (Library of Congress Copy)

🔍 Inscription near the Philippines:

"estas ysllas llaman lequios assimesmo son otras yslas"
“These islands are called Lequios, likewise they are other islands.”

✅ Lequios label is directly over the Philippine archipelago, confirming the Spanish viewed this region as synonymous with Lequios, not Ryukyu.

📍 Below the Lequios label:

• Clearly labeled: "maniola" – the earliest Iberian spelling of Manila, used in Portuguese and Spanish circles before colonial standardization.

• This confirms that Manila was known to the Spanish Crown by this name at least by 1529.

• This matches the first map by the Portuguese in 1502 by Cantino and the 1512 Chart of Rodrigues. In other words, this is a no-brainer!

📍 3. Additional Labels (Right Side, Near Vietnam)

Over the region of Vietnam / Champa, the visible inscription reads:

“gion da cham” (likely short for região da Champa or giôn da Cham, possibly meaning “region of the Chams”).

And near the South China Sea, just under the Tropic of Cancer and near where Hainan would be, you can spot:

• “soure mayola” – likely a variant of Soure Manjola or possibly an early transcription error of Samar or another island.

• “marague” – appears to refer to Marinduque or a nearby island (an early phonetic variation).

• “calem” or “calin” – possibly a version of Calamianes or Calayan, located off northern Palawan/Luzon.

These Spanish-Portuguese transliterations are often approximate, but they reinforce the Philippine identity of the archipelago.

📍 4. 1527 Diogo Ribeiro Map:

Diogo Ribeiro locates Lequios near Luzon, reinforcing the Philippines as the center of early Southeast Asian trade routes.

• Lequios is plotted geographically near Luzon, not near Okinawa.

• Positioned south of Japan and adjacent to the "Mare Sinarvm" (Sea of China), but within the Philippine island chain.

• The placement matches the northern Philippines, not the Ryukyu archipelago.

• Pires admits this Lequios note is next to Paragua (Palawan) which is no where near Ryukyu!
  

• Pires invokes Hainan ignoring that Luzon is on that same parallel even marked on the map as Lequios claiming, in ignorance, that Luzon must be Ryukyu. This is witchcraft, not scholarship!

[Read Testing Pinto's Accuracy Blog]

📍 5. 1539 Santa Cruz SPANISH GOVERNMENT Map:

Map Authority: Commissioned under the Spanish Crown for formal geopolitical record by a royal cosmographer, 1539. Luquios as Luzon, Philippines With Visayas and Mindanao Charted With It

General Atlas of All the Islands in the World, c. mid-16th century. Alonso de Santa Cruz (1505–1567), royal cosmographer. U.S. Library of Congress. Public Domain.

• Santa Cruz places Lequios adjacent to Philippine islands, confirming their early identification with Luzon.

• To the West of Liquios is Palawan with Cebu and Cattigara just South, and Mindanao further South.
  

• This archipelago is the Philippines and East of Vietnam, Southeast of China, and Northeast of Borneo and Malaysia.

[Read Testing Pinto's Accuracy Blog]